Along with the FIA Foundation, Global NCAP, Emissions Analytics, Transport and Environment and the C40 Cities, the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) has established The Real Urban Emissions Initiative (TRUE). The TRUE initiative seeks to supply cities with data regarding the real-world emissions of their car fleets and equip them with technical information that can be used for strategic decision-making. Following this objective, the ICCT decided to contract Opus RSE to conduct on-road remote sensing measurements from light-duty vehicles in London. Opus partnered with Ricardo Energy & Environment and the University of York to carry on this project.